Television News is identifiable by its typical codes and conventions. Media Institutions will make use of these typical conventions, however, they will use them in different ways, depending on the desired target audience.
One of the most important things to consider is the mode of address - this looks at how a programme speaks to its audience. The newsreaders, otherwise known as anchors have a great deal of power as they speak directly to the audience - this is something that guests don't have the opportunity to do. Newsreaders will also make us of personal pronouns to attract an audience - these might include 'we'll see YOU tomorrow', which encourages the audience to return to the channel the following day. The presenters will often be framed in the centre of a shot, which indicates their importance, whilst they often use straight angle shots. Some news programmes will make use of a video wall - this was first introduced by Sky News.
Media language is an important characteristic to consider when looking at conventions - this considers the way in which the producer communicates with its audience. In news broadcasts, you would analyse the use of mise-en-scene (everything in the scene), which includes the set/studio, design/colours used, lighting, codes of dress, make-up, studio furniture and the use of a video wall in the background. It is also very important for you to consider the use of camerawork. A TV news broadcast will make use of 2/3 shots, straight angles and close ups when delivering the news to their audience. Some common examples of sound will include the use of a voice over. This is designed to provide a link and explanation to a news report or provided footage in an effort to allow the audience to understand it further. There ail also be a signature tune during the title sequence. One of the most well-known examples is the 'bongs' which are recognisable with the News at ten broadcast. These can be heard in the clip below:
Another important consideration when discussing the conventions of TV news is the way it is edited. All media producers who broadcast news will have to consider what to include and what to leave out - this is what is called selection and construction - it is important to remember that what has been left out is just as important as what has been included. Watch this Charlie Brooker clip which explains the typical conventions associated with a news broadcast:
In summary, some of the key considerations for the exam in relation to the conventions of TV news are:
Live in-studio presenter(s)
direct address to camera
outside broadcasts
interviews
a desk/table with chairs or sofa
news footage on a video news wall
captions
graphics
smart codes of dress
laptops/tablets
guests/experts
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